12 Nursing Diagnosis for Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels, that result from defects in insulin secretion, or action, or both. Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes (as it will be in this article) was first identified as a disease associated with "sweet urine," and excessive muscle loss in the ancient world. Elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) lead to spillage of glucose into the urine, hence the term sweet urine.

Normally, blood glucose levels are tightly controlled by insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin lowers the blood glucose level. When the blood glucose elevates (for example, after eating food), insulin is released from the pancreas to normalize the glucose level. In patients with diabetes, the absence or insufficient production of insulin causes hyperglycemia. Diabetes is a chronic medical condition, meaning that although it can be controlled, it lasts a lifetime.
www.medicinenet.com


12 Nursing Diagnosis for Diabetes Mellitus

1. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less/More than Body Requirements

2. Ineffective Tissue Perfusion: Renal, cardiopulmonary, peripheral

3. Impaired Urinary Elimination

4. Disturbed sensory perception: Visual, tactile

5. Activity Intolerance

6. Ineffective Coping

7. Sexual Dysfunction

8. Fear

9. Deficient Knowledge

10. Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity

11. Risk for Injury

12. Risk for Infection

Nursing Care Plan for Diabetes Mellitus

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Nursing Care Plan for Diabetes Mellitus

Definition of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by increased levels of glucose in the blood or hyperglycemia.

Diabetes Melllitus is a collection of symptoms that arise in a person caused by the presence of elevated levels of sugar (glucose) blood due to insulin deficiency both absolute and relative terms.


Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus

A common complaint of patients with Diabetes Mellitus such as polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia in Diabetes Mellitus is generally no. Instead the patient is often disturbing complaints from complications of chronic degenerative blood vessels and nerves. In Diabetes Mellitus elderly there are pathophysiological changes due to aging process, so that the clinical picture varies from asymptomatic cases to cases with extensive complications. A recurring complaint is the presence of impaired vision due to cataracts, tingling in the limbs and muscle weakness (peripheral neuropathy) and injuries to the legs which are difficult to recover with treatment prevalent.

According Supartondo, the symptoms caused by diabetes mellitus in the elderly are often found are:

1. Cataract
2. Glaucoma
3. Retinopathy
4. Itching around the body
5. Pruritus Vulvae
6. Bacterial infections of skin
7. Fungal infections in the skin
8. Dermatopati
9. Peripheral neuropathy
10. Visceral neuropathy
11. Amiotropi
12. Neurotrophic ulcer
13. Kidney disease
14. Peripheral vascular disease
15. Coronary disease
16. Cerebral vascular disease
17. Hypertension

Management of Diabetes Mellitus

The main goal of therapy of diabetes mellitus is trying to normalize the activity of insulin and blood glucose levels in an attempt to reduce vascular complications, and neuropathy. Therapeutic purposes in any type of diabetes is to achieve normal blood glucose levels.

There are 5 components in the management of diabetes:

1. Diet
2. Exercise
3. Monitoring
4. Therapy (if needed)
5. Education

Nursing Assessment of Diabetes Mellitus

1. Family Health History

Are there families who suffer from diseases such as client?

2. Patient Medical History and Previous Treatment

How long a client suffering from diabetes, how to handle, gets what type of insulin therapy, how to take her medicine whether regular or not, what is being done to address the client's illness.

3. Activity / Rest:

Tired, weak, difficult Moving / walking, muscle cramps, decreased muscle tone.

4. Circulation

Is there a history of hypertension, AMI, claudication, numbness, tingling in the extremities, foot ulcers are healing old, tachycardia, changes in blood pressure

5. Ego integrity

Stress, anxiety

6. Elimination

Changes in the pattern of urination (polyuria, nocturia, anuria), diarrhea

7. Food / fluid

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, do not follow the diet, weight loss, thirst, use of diuretics.

8. Neuro-sensory

Dizziness, headache, tingling, numbness in the muscle weakness, paresthesias, visual disturbances.

9. Pain / Leisure

Abdomen tense, pain (moderate / severe)

10. Breathing

Cough with / without purulent sputum (tergangung presence of infection / no)

11. Security

Dry skin, itching, skin ulcers.


Nursing Diagnosis for Diabetes Mellitus

1. Imbalanced Nutrition : Less Than Body Requirements
2. Deficient Fluid Volume
3. Impaired skin integrity
4. Risk for injury

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