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Nursing Intervention for Low Self-Esteem

Self esteem is person’s personal judgment of one’s own worth, based on how well one’s behavior conforms to one’s self ideal (Stuart and Sundeen, 1998).

The frequency on reaching purposes will result on low self esteem or high self esteem. If the individual frequent to failure, then it tends to low self esteem. The Self esteem is gained from his/herself and others. Main aspect is being loved and accepting respect from others (Keliat, 1992).

In general, self esteem is vurneable being disturbed in youth and old senile. High self esteem related with low anxiety, effective in group and accepted by others. Low self esteem is related with worst interpersonal relationship and has risk for depression and schizophrenia.

Low self esteem is negative overview assessing toward self and capability which expressed in directly or indirectly (Schult and Videbeck, 1998).

Low self esteem is generally defined as rejecting of her/himself as valuable human being and has no responsible his / herself life. Mainly, it is failure to adapt for proper behavior and aspiration. Self esteem disturbance is drawn as negative feeling of his/ herself including loss of self confidence and occur the self esteem. Low self esteem can be happen situational (trauma) or chronically (prolonged negative self evaluation) and can be expressed either directly or not (real or not).


Nursing Intervention for Low Self-Esteem
a.       Nursing strategic (client)
1)      Goal:
a)      Identify capabilities and the positive aspects of the client owned
b)      Assess skills that can be used
c)      Establish or choose activities according to ability
d)     Coaching activities are selected according to ability
e)      Planning activities that have been trained.
2)   Outcome: The client can identify capability and positive aspect, assess her capability, choose the appropriate activities and increase her capability.
3)      The first nursing strategic
a)      Identifying capability and positive aspect on client
b)      Helping client to assess her capability
c)      Helping client to choose activity
d)     Training to client to choose the appropriate activities
e)      Giving proper praise toward patient succeeding.
f)       Suggesting to patient to include schedule the daily activity.
4)      The second nursing strategic
a)      Evaluating the daily routine of patient
b)      Training for second capability
c)      Suggesting to patient to include schedule the daily activity.

Low Self-Esteem Definition, Causes, Signs and Symptoms

Definition, Causes, Signs and Symptoms of Low Self-Esteem

Definition of Low Self-Esteem


Low self-esteem is a personal assessment of the results achieved by analyzing how far the behavior of ideal self-fulfilling. (Stuart and Sundeen, 1998: 227).

According to Townsend (1998: 189) low self-esteem is a self-evaluation of sense of self, or the ability to self-negataif either directly or indirectly.

The same opinion was expressed by Carpenito, LJ (1998: 352) that low self-esteem is a condition in which individuals experience negative self-evaluation of self and self.

Of the opinions of the above conclusions can be made, low self-esteem is a negative sense of self, loss of confidence, and failed to achieve the goals expressed directly or indirectly, decreased self-esteem can be situational or chronic.

 
Causes of Low Self-Esteem

Low self esteem is often caused due to an ineffective individual coping due to the lack of positive feedback, lack of support systems, development of ego regression, a negative feedback loop, dysfunctional family systems, and fixed at the early developmental stage (Towsand, MC, 1998: 366 ).

According to Carpenito, LJ (1998: 82) Ineffective individual coping is a state where an individual having or at risk of experiencing an inability to handle internal or environmental stresos because tidaka dekuat with adequate resources (physical, psychological, behavioral or cognitive).

Meanwhile, according to Towsand, MC (1998: 312) Ineffective individual coping is adaptive behavior disorder and a problem-solving skills in meeting the demands of life and role.

Of the opinions above can be drawn a conclusion, individuals who have ineffective coping will show inability in adjusting or may not solve the problem of the demands of life and facing role.

The existence of an ineffective individual coping is often indicated by the behavior (Carpenito LJ, 1998: 83; Towsand, MC, 1998: 313) as follows:

Subjective data:
  • Reveals the inability to resolve the issue or ask for help.
  • Express feelings of fear and anxiety is prolonged.
  • Reveals the inability of roles.
Objective data:
  • Changes in community participation.
  • Increased dependence.
  • Manipulate everyone around them for the purposes of fulfilling their own desires.
  • Refuse to follow the rules and regulations.
  • Destructive behaviors directed at oneself and others.
  • Manipulate verbal and changes in communication patterns.
  • Inability to meet basic needs.
  • Drug abuse.

Signs and Symptoms of Low Self-Esteem

According to Carpenito, LJ (1998: 352); Keliat, BA (1994: 20); behavior related to low self-esteem, among others:

Subjective data:
  • Self-criticize themselves or others.
  • Sense of self is essential that excess overage.
  • Feelings of inadequacy.
  • Feel guilty.
  • Negative attitude to self-own.
  • Pessimistic attitude to life.
  • Complaints of physical pain.
  • The polarized outlook on life.
  • Rejecting self-ability.
  • Reduction of self or self-mocking.
  • Feelings of anxiety or fear.
  • Rationalize away the rejection of positive feedback.
  • Disclose a personal failure.
  • Inability to set goals.
Objective data:
  • Decreased productivity.
  • Self-destructive behavior on its own.
  • Destructive behavior in others.
  • Substance abuse.
  • Withdraw from social relationships.
  • Facial expressions of shame and guilt.
  • Showed signs of depression (difficulty sleeping and eating difficult).
  • Seem irritable or easily angered.
Source : http://careplannursing.blogspot.com/2012/07/low-self-esteem-definition-causes-signs.html

Nursing Management of Anxiety

Nursing Management of Anxiety
Nursing Management of Anxiety
Nursing Management of Anxiety

A. Nursing Process

1. Patient's condition:
  • patients seem to dreamily
  • patients often pacing
  • patients ask you things that are not important
  • patient was suspected
2. Nursing Diagnosis
  • Risk for Self-Directed or Other-Directed Violence related to Anxiety
3. Purpose
  • Patients are able to know anxiety
  • Patients can use adaptive coping mechanisms
  • Patients can use relaxation techniques

B. Strategies for the nursing actions

1. Orientation
  • Ttherapeutic greeting
  • Evaluation / Validation : Ask the patient's current feelings, Ask the patient how the current situation.
  • Contract : topic, place, time

2. work
  • Discuss the problem off.
  • Guiding the implementation schedule
  • Guiding the use of relaxation techniques

3. Termination
a. Evaluation
  • patients were able to express feelings.
  • patients are able to recognize the behavior and response.
  • patients can use adaptive coping mechanisms.
  • patients can use relaxation techniques.

b. Follow-up plan
  • Encourage clients to identify and describe feelings.

c. Contract
  • topic, 
  • place, 
  • time

COPD - Acute Pain Nursing Interventions

Nursing Care Plan for COPD - Nursing Interventions for Acute Pain

Acute pain related to the process of inflammation in the lining of the lungs

Goal: The pain is reduced / lost.

Expected outcomes are:
  • Clients say the pain is reduced / lost.
  • Relaxed facial expression.

Nursing Interventions - Acute Pain for COPD

1. Determine the characteristics of pain, for example; sharp, consistent, stabbed. Investigate changes in character / intensity of pain / location.
Rational: Chest pain is usually present in some degree of pneumonia, complications can arise such as pericarditis and endocarditis.

2. Monitor vital signs.
Rationale: Changes in heart rate or blood pressure showed that patients experience pain, especially when other reasons for changes in vital signs.

3. Provide comfort measures, for example: back massage, change of position, quiet music / conversation, relaxation / breathing exercises.
Rational: The act of non-analgesics administered with a gentle touch to relieve discomfort and increase the effects of analgesic therapy.

4. Offer a clean mouth often.
Rational: mouth breathing and oxygen therapy may irritate and dry the mucous memberan, potential public inconvenience.

5. Advise and assist the patient in the technique of chest compressions during episodes of coughing.
Rational: A tool to control chest discomfort while increasing the effectiveness of cough effort.

6. Give analgesic and antitussive according to indications.
Rational: This drug can be used to suppress non-productive cough / proximal or reduce excessive mucus, improve comfort / rest common.

COPD - Acute Pain Nursing Interventions
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