Nursing Management Book

Nursing Management

Nursing Management is the leading source of practical and cutting-edge information for the management of health care delivery across the continuum of care. Each issue offers convenient continuing-education opportunities specially geared to its readership.

Details : Nursing Management

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Nursing Care Plan for COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), also known as chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), chronic airflow limitation (CAL) and chronic obstructive respiratory disease (CORD), is the co-occurrence of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, a pair of commonly co-existing diseases of the lungs in which the airways become narrowed. This leads to a limitation of the flow of air to and from the lungs, causing shortness of breath. In clinical practice, COPD is defined by its characteristically low airflow on lung function tests. In contrast to asthma, this limitation is poorly reversible and usually gets progressively worse over time. In England, an estimated 842,100 of 50 million people have a diagnosis of COPD; thus, approximately 1 person in 59 is diagnosed with COPD at some point in their lives.
wikipedia

Nursing Care Plan for COPD : Nursing Assessment for COPD

The assessment includes information about past symptoms and manifestations of the disease earlier. Here are some guidance questions to obtain data on the health history of the disease process:

How long patients have difficulty breathing?
Does the activity increase dyspnea?
How much restriction on the patient's activity tolerance?
When do patients complain most tired and shortness of breath?
Is eating and sleeping habits are affected?
History of smoking?
Drugs that are used every day?
Drugs used in acute attacks?
What patients know about the condition and the disease?

Additional data collected through observation and examination as follows:

Pulse rate and respiratory patients?
Is the same breathing without effort?
Is there a contraction of abdominal muscles during inspiration?
Is there any use of accessory respiratory muscles during breathing?
Barrel chest?
Do look cyanotic?
Is there a cough?
Is there peripheral edema?
Are the neck veins look bigger?
What color, number and consistency of sputum of patients?
How, the sensor status of patients?
Is there an increase stupor? Anxiety?

Source : http://nursing-assessment.blogspot.com/2011/05/nursing-assessment-for-copd.html

Nursing Care Plan for COPD : Nursing Diagnosis for COPD

1. Ineffective Airway Clearance related to bronchoconstriction, increased sputum production, ineffective cough, fatigue / decreased energy and bronkopulmonal infection.

2. Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to shortness of breath, mucus, bronchoconstriction and airway irritants.

3. Impaired Gas Exchange related to ventilation perfusion inequality.

4. Activity Intolerance related to imbalance between supply with oxygen demand.

5. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements related to anorexia.

6. Disturbed Sleep Pattern related to discomfort, the setting position.

7. Self-Care Deficit Bathing / Hygiene, Dressing / Grooming, Feeding, toileting related secondary fatigue due to increased respiratory effort and the insufficiency of ventilation and oxygenation.

8. Anxiety related to threat to self-concept, the threat of death, unmet needs.

9. Ineffective Individual Coping related to lack of socialization, anxiety, depression, low activity levels and inability to work.

10. Knowledge Deficit related to lack of information, do not know the source of information.

Source : http://nandanursingdiagnosis.blogspot.com/2011/05/nursing-diagnosis-for-copd.html

Nursing Care Plan for Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. In most people with Alzheimer’s, symptoms first appear after age 60.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia among older people. Dementia is the loss of cognitive functioning—thinking, remembering, and reasoning—to such an extent that it interferes with a person’s daily life and activities. Estimates vary, but experts suggest that as many as 5.1 million Americans may have Alzheimer’s.
nia.nih.gov

Nursing Care Plan for Alzheimer's Disease : Assessment of Alzheimer's Disease

1. Activity / rest
Signs: anxiety, helplessness, sleep pattern disturbance, lethargy and impaired motor skills.
Symptoms: feeling melting

2. Circulation
Symptoms: History of cerebral vascular disease / systemic, hypertension, embolic episodes

3. Ego integrity
Signs: hide incompetence, sit down and
watch the other, the first activity might accumulate
objects are not moving and emotional stability
Symptoms: suspicious or afraid of the situation / person fantasies, misperceptions of the environment, loss of multiple.

4. Elimination
Signs: Incontinence of urine / feaces
Symptoms: The urge to urinate

5. Food / fluid
Signs: loss of ability to chew, avoiding / refusing to eat and looked increasingly thin.
Symptoms: Historical episodes of hypoglycemia, changes
in taste, appetite, weight loss.

6. Hygiene
Signs: a lack of personal habits, forget to go to the bathroom and less interested in eating time
Symptoms: Need help, depending on other people

7. Neuro Sensory
Symptoms: Improvement of symptoms that exist primarily
cognitive changes, loss of sensation and existence propriosepsi
history of cerebral vascular disease / systemic as well as seizure activity.

8. Comfort
Signs: ekimosis laceration and a sense of hostile / attack others
Symptoms: A history of serious head trauma,
accident trauma

9. Social Integrity
Signs: Loss of social control, inappropriate behavior
Symptoms: Feeling lost power
Source : http://nursing-assessment.blogspot.com/2011/05/nursing-assessment-for-alzheimers.html

Nursing Care Plan for Alzheimer's Disease : Nursing Interventions for Alzheimer's Disease

1. Nursing Diagnosis : Risk for Injury related to:

Unable to recognize / identify hazards in the environment.
Disorientation, confusion, impaired decision making.
Weakness, the muscles are not coordinated, the presence of seizure activity.

Nursing Intervention :

Assess the degree of impaired ability of competence emergence of impulsive behavior and a decrease in visual perception.
Help the people closest to identify the risk of hazards that may arise.
Eliminate / minimize sources of hazards in the environment
Divert attention to a client when agitated or dangerous behaviors like getting out of bed by climbing the fence bed.

Rational:

Impairment of visual perception increase the risk of falling. Identify potential risks in the environment and heighten awareness so that caregivers more aware of the danger.
An impaired cognitive and perceptual disorders are beginning to experience the trauma as a result of the inability to take responsibility for basic security capabilities, or evaluating a particular situation.
Maintain security by avoiding a confrontation that could improve the behavior / increase the risk for injury.

2. Nursing Diagnosis : Disturbed Thought Processes related to :

Irreversible neuro degeneration
Memory Loss
Psychological Conflict
Deprivation lie

Nursing Intervention :

Assess the level of cognitive disorders such as changes orientasiterhadap people, places and times, range, attention, thinking skills.
Talk with the people closest to the usual behavior change / length of the existing problems.
Maintain a nice quiet neighborhood.
Face-to-face when talking with patients.
Call patient by name.
Use a rather low voice and spoke slowly in patients.

Rational:

Provide the basis for the evaluation / comparison that will come, and influencing the choice of intervention.
Noise, crowds, the crowds are usually the excessive sensory neurons and can increase interference.
Cause concern, especially in people with perceptual disorders.
The name is a form of self-identity and lead to recognition of reality and the individual.
Increasing the possibility of understanding.

Source : http://nursinginterventions-diagnosis.blogspot.com/2011/05/nursing-intervention-for-alzheimers.html

Nursing Assessment for Alzheimer's Disease

Nursing Diagnosis for Alzheimer's Disease

Nursing Care Plan for Gastritis

Gastritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach, and has many possible causes. The main acute causes are excessive alcohol consumption or prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (also known as NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Sometimes gastritis develops after major surgery, traumatic injury, burns, or severe infections. Gastritis may also occur in those who have had weight loss surgery resulting in the banding or reconstruction of the digestive tract. Chronic causes are infection with bacteria, primarily Helicobacter pylori, chronic bile reflux, stress and certain autoimmune disorders can cause gastritis as well. The most common symptom is abdominal upset or pain. Other symptoms are indigestion, abdominal bloating, nausea, and vomiting and pernicious anemia. Some may have a feeling of fullness or burning in the upper abdomen. A gastroscopy, blood test, complete blood count test, or a stool test may be used to diagnose gastritis. Treatment includes taking antacids or other medicines, such as proton pump inhibitors or antibiotics, and avoiding hot or spicy foods. For those with pernicious anemia, B12 injections are given. wikipedia

Nursing Care Plan for Gastritis : Nursing Diagnosis for Gastritis

1. Risk for Imbalanced Fluid Volume and Electrolytes : less than body requirements related to inadequate intake, vomiting

2. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements related to decreased nutrition intake.

3. Activity Intolerance related to physical weakness.

4. Deficient Knowledge: about diseases related to lack of information.

5. Acute Pain related to an increase in stomach acid.

Nursing Care Plan for Gastritis : Nursing Interventions for Gastritis

1. Risk for Imbalanced Fluid Volume and Electrolytes : less than body requirements related to inadequate intake, vomiting

Goal:
Disorders of fluid balance did not occur.

Expected results:
Moist mucous membranes, good skin turgor, electrolytes returned to normal, capillary filling pink, vital signs stable, the balance of input and output.

Nursing Intervention :

Assess signs and symptoms of dehydration, observation of vital signs, measuring intake and output, encourage clients to drink ± 1500-2500ml, observation of skin and mucous membranes, collaboration with doctor in the provision of intravenous fluids.

2. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements: less than body requirements related to inadequate intake, anorexia

Goal:
Nutritional deficiencies resolved.

Expected results:
Normal albumin value, no nausea and vomiting, weight within normal limits, normal bowel sounds.

Nursing Intervention :

Assess food intake, body weight measured regularly, give oral care on a regular basis, encourage clients to eat little but often, give food in warm, auscultation bowel sounds, assess food preferences, check the laboratory, for example: Hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin.

Source : http://nursinginterventions-diagnosis.blogspot.com/2011/05/nursing-care-plan-for-gastritis.html